Thermal and Environmental Degradation Mechanisms of Low-Voltage Cable Insulation: Diagnosis and Predictive Maintenance Strategies
Keywords:
low-voltage cables, insulation degradation, thermal aging, partial discharge, predictive maintenanceAbstract
This study investigates the multifactorial degradation mechanisms of low-voltage cable insulation in distribution networks, focusing on the PR009 transformer substation as a representative case. Field measurements revealed frequent overloading and unbalanced phase currents, leading to elevated conductor temperatures and intensified thermal stress on polymeric insulation. The analysis identified intrinsic breakdown, streamer-induced partial discharges, thermal overload, moisture ingress, and environmental contamination particularly acidic soil as key contributors to accelerated insulation aging. Resistive heating (I2R losses), dielectric losses, and limited thermal conductivity were found to synergistically reduce dielectric strength and alter the mechanical stability of insulation materials. Laboratory modeling and theoretical calculations confirmed the role of local field enhancement in voids, moisture-driven chemical degradation, and cumulative erosion from partial discharge activity. The findings emphasize the need for advanced condition-based monitoring using dielectric spectroscopy, partial discharge localization, and impedance phase angle analysis to enable early fault detection. Preventive strategies, including load balancing, thermal management, improved joint maintenance, and the use of moisture-resistant, thermally stable insulation materials, are recommended to extend service life, minimize unplanned outages, and optimize asset management in low-voltage distribution systems. This research contributes to the understanding of insulation failure pathways and provides practical guidance for utilities to implement predictive maintenance frameworks tailored to environmental and operational stress factors.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dekki Sandi Nugraha, Dwi Agus Riyanto (Author)
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